Dead Zones Of Ocean An Environmental Crisis

Dead zones of the ocean are large water bodies in lakes, rivers, and oceans that don’t have enough oxygen in them necessary for the marine life. This marine condition is also referred to as hypoxic meaning the lacking of oxygen. Often the condition occurs naturally but currently the condition is expanding in marine bodies unnaturally. It is due to due to the introduction of pollutants and the fertilizers into the water bodies. The fertilizers and toxic pollutant encourage the growth of algae which increases the bloom of algae in water bodies. The algae decompose in the water and consume the oxygen which causes to the extinction of the oxygen necessary for the marine life. Researchers say that hypoxic condition in marine bodies has become doubled in every ten years since 1960.

Development of the hypoxic zone:

Change in the climatic condition is increasing the hypoxic condition in the marine bodies. with the onset of the industrial era, there has been a rapid change in the temperature globally. Since last few decades change in the temperature affects the climate of seas and marine body directly. It is evident from the research that warm water dissolves less oxygen in as compared to cold water. The situation in the marine body becomes complicated when the warmer air above the surface of the water heats the water on the surface reducing the chances of mixing of top layer warm water with cold water at the bottom of the sea surface. The dead zone thus occurs in the deeper water as the temperature increases the animals in the area get less supply of oxygen and move toward the mortality. The change in climate will expand the production of the dead zone in oceans.  Currently, there are 400 dead zones available worldwide and it is expected that 94 % of these areas will experience the rise of 3.6Farenheit till the end of this century.

How to combat with hypoxic zone :

Climatic change is no doubt the great cause of the dead zones but pollutant introduction also contributes. If we control the harmful nitrogenous and other poison pollutant introduction in the seas and oceans, we can somehow avert the cause. With less pollutant in water, the algae blooms will definitely get reduced and the dead zone will occur less no matter how warm the water becomes. The hypoxic zone in black sea vanished in 1990 with the fall of Soviet Union. At that time, there was seen a great rise in the price of fertilizers. The situation was spontaneous and resulted in giving a positive impact on the Black Sea. This taught the scientist and the state advisors a lesson and now the United Nation officials are trying hard to lessen the industrial and agricultural toxin emissions in an area where dead zone is a serious concer.

How To Protect Our Environment

Environment refers to ecosystem surrounding us containing habitats and other physical factors interacting with each other. All the living organisms including the human being depend on the environment for their existence.  If the environment is clean and pure the life of the ecosystem inhabitants is sure to be healthy. They are certain to be provided with the better air and better food and water   resulted in leading a healthy life.  With the rapid growth in the population of an environment, we can see that the environmental health is getting distorted. We need to take some necessary steps individually and collectively to avert the distortion in our environment else we will be liable to many health and environmental issues.

Nowadays whatever we are buying or doing is affecting our environment, for instance, we purchase the diesel to run our car, the diesel burn to produce the hydrocarbon that is greenhouse gas we cut the trees that are the source of fresh oxygen in the atmosphere.  So we need to take a few necessary actions to sustain the good health our ecosystem.

Plantation of more trees:

We need to plants more and more trees in the public areas as well as in the forests to keep the environment clean and pure. Because tree gives oxygen to the atmosphere.

Clean our home :

Home and hometown is our main environment we reside on it for our basic living need so we need to protect and clean it. Home is the first priority in his clean need to clean the home and the nearby areas so that we and our children get the better sanitary condition on more green plantation should be done in that place.  Litter should be discarded in bins not on the roadside or in any such place.

Think before buying a product:

Make sure when you go shopping that you are buying an inorganic material. Even assess the fabric before buying a cloth piece whether possess the organic dye or organic polyester fabric material in it the eco-friendly relation will be not buying any such product unless needed at urgent.

Promote the 3Rs of recycling:

Recycling of the products should be practiced more. Instead of discarding the materials that can be used again make them reuse.   Products made from the natural resources and raw materials should be recycled again to make new material once they are discarded.T transport should be shared by the people  instead of using separate and individual automobiles  the smoke from the automobile caused the air pollution besides cigarettes and tobacco products smoking should be reduced at the earliest as they have serious malfunctioning effects on the air around us.

Use biodegradable products :

Make the use of biodegradable and eco-friendly material instead of organic material like when you go shopping , use biodegradable shopping bags instead of plastic polymer based synthesized shopping bags.

Effecting environmental cleaning can remove the unwanted waste material from environment to great extent and will provide people living in an ecosystem with the better and healthy living.

Major Environmental Issues Of Pakistan

The environment of the world is getting degraded day by day with the passage of time. The degradation of environment and the environmental concerns   have become yellow peril for the whole of the world. The concerns are getting more catastrophic due to their effects on the lives of the organisms and human living in it. The environmental concerns are adopting the acute shape due to their increasing drawbacks on the environment and its habitat. Rapid economic and industrial development along with the increase in human population is the core reasons behind the evolution of ecological problems.

Some effects of environmental concerns:

Pakistan is right now confronting many challenging environmental issues that need to be sort out at the first priority air pollution is the most important concern of this era. The rapid increase in the numbering of automobiles on urban roads and the gas emitted from the industries and plants of Pakistan is the main cause of air pollution. The air pollution is much responsible for causing many chronic bronchi ailments in human beings. Secondly, the hazardous pollutant in air mixes up with the rain causing clouds and fall on the earth in the form of acidic air. The acidic air causes hazardous effects on the human beings animals and plants on the earth

Water pollution:

The water pollution is another factor creating serious ecological concern. The water reservoirs in Pakistan are mostly contaminated with the sewerage waste water discarded from the industries and agricultural sites. This contaminated water is consumed by the half of the population the toxic water is responsible for causing serious ailment to the consumers of the water. Besides the poor sewerage system also contribute to contamination of water in urban areas of Pakistan.

Deforestation:

Cutting of forests to construct the roads and residential areas have destroyed the natural environmental health in the country. A policy was presented by the government in 1992, which declared to ban the forest cutting but nothing profound was brought by the policy. Strict and strong legislation should be planned by the government to ensure sustainable harvesting of forest in the country. Secondly, a strategy for carbon financing should be developed at policy level with the motto we value the trees because tree and plantation absorb carbon dioxide from the air. The developing countries will provide the financial aid to support the cause what will be the utter requirement for this cause is that we government will need to ensure the capital comes in and is used straightforwardly for the cause.

Plantation of trees in urban areas:

Urban cities are most populated. Trees in cities absorb carbon dioxide causing the air to get purified. So plantation of new trees is essentially required for the atmosphere. Trees are planted in urban areas, but new trees are to be planted more. Besides, man-made forests like Change Mange ought to be constructed as well.

Pollution from factories:

The waste and toxic material discarded from the factories is the most concerning issue for the Pakistani authorities the waste material is wiped into the rivers causing the marine life to become extinct.  Besides, it pollutes the water in ponds and lakes which directly affects the water consuming bodies near the reservoir of the water. The waste material discarded by the factories is drained into the land area the chemical components in the matter reacts with the soil of the land making the soil erosion and the land deserted.

Climatic change in Pakistan:

The climate condition in Pakistan is continuously changing. Due to global warming, the glaciers in the Himalayan mountain range and Karakorum mountain range is continuously melting causing the floods and unusual rain in Pakistan this subsequently is destroying the crops and cattle in the country. Besides due to global warming the average temperature in the tropical area is also rising annually which will consequently result in less production of crops.

Destruction Of Ozone ( Ozone Depletion)

Ozone is layer of oxygen found in the upper layer of atmosphere (stratosphere) to protect Earth from the harm full effects of ultraviolet radiation.  Ozone consist of 3 oxygen molecules rather than 2 and it is highly .But its presence in the troposphere (the lower layer of atmosphere) causes effects to human and plants living on the earth in the form of diseases due to its highly oxidizing ability.

How ozone is produced:

Ozone is formed in atmosphere by the reaction of ultraviolet radiation with the oxygen molecule that comprises 21% of the atmosphere. The ultraviolet radiation entering the atmosphere breaks apart the oxygen molecules (O2) to produce two oxygen atoms. These single highly reactive oxygen atoms then combine separately with the oxygen molecules to make the ozone (O3) molecules. This reaction take places in the stratosphere where there are continuously ultraviolet radiation coming in. Ozone reacts with the sunlight and hazardous human produces hydro carbons and nitrogen gases continuously, resulting in the production of and destruction of ozone layers. In troposphere region, ozone is produces by the reaction of pollutant gases and natural gases with ozone in the presence of sunlight. The burning of fossils fuels contribute a lot in the production of ozone troposphere. The ozone produces in comparatively quite much less as compared to the ozone prepared in stratosphere and also can’t reach to the stratosphere to meet the need of ozone required there the plants and  the troposphere ozone is also destroyed when it reacts chemically with soil and plant on the surface  of earth

 

Effects of ozone depletion:

Since the advent of universe, the ozone has been protecting the earth from the harm full radiation of UV rays. It has become the great concern by the scientist and environmentalist since 1970. Ozone layer is depleted by the harmful gases .chlorine and bromine gases destroy the ozone layer in the upper stratosphere. But 80 percent of the ozone layer is destroyed by the chlorofluorocarbons emitted from the human made gas emitting sources.  The   chlorofluorocarbon sand   volatile organic gases that are released from refrigerators and other vehicles factories destroys the ozone layer.  These gases remain stable in the lower atmosphere of air but when they reach the stratosphere. They react with the harmful ultra violet rays and emit the chlorine atom that reacts with the ozone oxygen causing the depletion of ozone layer.

Effects of ozone depletion:

Breakage of ozone layer has adverse effects on the environment.  Depletion of ozone layer provides the path to ultraviolet rays to reach the earth, the ultraviolet rays is interlinked to cause various health and environmental issues.  Direct exposure of Ultraviolet rays cause several type of skin and eye diseases. The radiation accelerates the skin aging problem. It weakens the human immune system. UV rays damages the other amphibian species UV is home how responsible in decline of the number of amphibian species on the earth. UV destroys the plankton's that are essential to maintain the food chain and carbon cycle of marine ecosystem.

Decrease of ozone in stratosphere cause the increase of ozone in the troposphere. Ozone gas present in stratosphere is referred as green gas that causes the temperature of earth to rise and cause the climate to change.

Why the entire hullabaloo over Global Warming Needs Our Utmost Attention?

The last few years were really terrible for the earth and its inhabitants and most specifically when it comes to coping up with natural disasters. All the regions irrespective of their localities and geographies have faced worse natural calamities. The most significant among these natural disasters are tidal flooding in coastal communities and that is wholly and solely because of the intensely rising sea levels. The tidal flooding that most of the scientists associate directly to the emission of the greenhouse gases being produced due to human activities and the problem can even is worse in upcoming years. 

 

The most drastic human activity includes emissions that are produced from the burning of fossil fuels and that result the oceans to rise at the fastest rate. The eye-popping news in this respect is that the increasing sea levels have risen with the fastest rate, probably the fastest in the last 28 centuries. If the human emissions were not that fast, the ocean surface would have risen less rapidly and thus we won’t have seen these ongoing drastic climatic changes. 

 

The more and more routine tidal flooding is proving out to be so much horrible specifically for the coastal regions and that is why; we are witnessing a more drastic destruction of these regions. The horrible thing about tidal floods is that they often produce low level standing saltwater and thus damaging life in most of the towns by killing lawns and trees. Moreover, things can even get worse if the streets get blocked, and in this process, polluting the drinking water. The entire island population faces the severe over topping on the roads thus causing major halt to any kind of communication.

The severe rise in the sea level can not affect in the limited degree but also to a very huge extent and inhabitants of coastal areas may also face storms and hurricanes such as Katrina and Sandy.

The safety of this planet is not only useful for us but for our upcoming generations. 

Global Warming Is A Global Threat

The earth’s temperature is rising day by day; massive glaciers are melting; plain land is converting to seas and ocean and surface of the sea is rising abruptly to an alarming extent. What’s the deal??? Scientist claims it to be the result of Global warming. Now the question is; what is global warming??? 

 

Global warming is an abrupt increase in temperature of Earth due to an emission of the Greenhouses gases in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide gas emitted in greenhouse effect is the most responsible element in causing the global warming. Methane gas causes 20% of the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect occurs naturally to some extents to keep the earth’s habitable condition necessarily warm enough for the life existence. But since the beginning of the revolutionary industrial world, the ratio of carbon dioxide and the methane gas in the Earth’s atmosphere has risen high, resulting in the increase of the world’s average temperature.

 

 Factors contributing in global warming:

With the rise of urban life, burning of the fuels of the vehicle and factories and deforestation has contributed a lot in global warming by emitting the dangerous gases. This created the disastrous   Impact on the ecosystem in the form of storms; floods, tsunami, and drought etc. The carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere causes more evaporation of the water. Water vapor already being the greenhouse gas accelerates the warming and makes more water vapors to evaporate, leading to an immense rise in the temperature. This rise in the temperature causes vast glaciers of the world to melt and subsequently cause the floods, irregular rainfall and cyclones. It has been seen that due to global warming, glaciers considered as permanent glaciers have also started to melt.

 

Major concerns of global warming:

Global warming is also causing the sea level to rise high up and it’s a major concern for ecologists. Major common concerns are as discussed below.

Rise in sea level:

Due to irregular rain pattern and melting of ice glaciers, many cities in the coastal areas are on the brink of getting submerged under the sea. And many islands are supposed to become completely vanished from the earth’s surface in near future.

 

Health disease and malnutrition:

A rise in temperature leads to airborne disease. Besides, the ultraviolet radiation due to global warming is causing many skin diseases at the other place. Secondly, severe sort of drought has become frequent and the starvation is also a concerning phenomenon in many countries of the world due to global warming.

 

Poor farming:

The unusual changes in the temperature also have adverse effects on the world’s agriculture and crops.

How to control global warming:

The increasing threats caused by global warming have forced the entire world to chalk out plans and actions to avert the coming threats. States have designed laws to prevent the deforestation. But, more is needed to do. More trees should be planted; recycle or renewable products should be used. Thermal power should be used for generating electricity. Transportation should be shared to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. We should promote Eco-friendly-technologies as a replacement of greenhouse gas emitting technologies; painting the roof-top and road in white can also contribute in reducing the global effects. By our individual and mutual cooperation on the massive scale, we can reduce the global warming that is an alarming issue for the whole ecosystem.