Destruction Of Ozone ( Ozone Depletion)

Ozone is layer of oxygen found in the upper layer of atmosphere (stratosphere) to protect Earth from the harm full effects of ultraviolet radiation.  Ozone consist of 3 oxygen molecules rather than 2 and it is highly .But its presence in the troposphere (the lower layer of atmosphere) causes effects to human and plants living on the earth in the form of diseases due to its highly oxidizing ability.

How ozone is produced:

Ozone is formed in atmosphere by the reaction of ultraviolet radiation with the oxygen molecule that comprises 21% of the atmosphere. The ultraviolet radiation entering the atmosphere breaks apart the oxygen molecules (O2) to produce two oxygen atoms. These single highly reactive oxygen atoms then combine separately with the oxygen molecules to make the ozone (O3) molecules. This reaction take places in the stratosphere where there are continuously ultraviolet radiation coming in. Ozone reacts with the sunlight and hazardous human produces hydro carbons and nitrogen gases continuously, resulting in the production of and destruction of ozone layers. In troposphere region, ozone is produces by the reaction of pollutant gases and natural gases with ozone in the presence of sunlight. The burning of fossils fuels contribute a lot in the production of ozone troposphere. The ozone produces in comparatively quite much less as compared to the ozone prepared in stratosphere and also can’t reach to the stratosphere to meet the need of ozone required there the plants and  the troposphere ozone is also destroyed when it reacts chemically with soil and plant on the surface  of earth

 

Effects of ozone depletion:

Since the advent of universe, the ozone has been protecting the earth from the harm full radiation of UV rays. It has become the great concern by the scientist and environmentalist since 1970. Ozone layer is depleted by the harmful gases .chlorine and bromine gases destroy the ozone layer in the upper stratosphere. But 80 percent of the ozone layer is destroyed by the chlorofluorocarbons emitted from the human made gas emitting sources.  The   chlorofluorocarbon sand   volatile organic gases that are released from refrigerators and other vehicles factories destroys the ozone layer.  These gases remain stable in the lower atmosphere of air but when they reach the stratosphere. They react with the harmful ultra violet rays and emit the chlorine atom that reacts with the ozone oxygen causing the depletion of ozone layer.

Effects of ozone depletion:

Breakage of ozone layer has adverse effects on the environment.  Depletion of ozone layer provides the path to ultraviolet rays to reach the earth, the ultraviolet rays is interlinked to cause various health and environmental issues.  Direct exposure of Ultraviolet rays cause several type of skin and eye diseases. The radiation accelerates the skin aging problem. It weakens the human immune system. UV rays damages the other amphibian species UV is home how responsible in decline of the number of amphibian species on the earth. UV destroys the plankton's that are essential to maintain the food chain and carbon cycle of marine ecosystem.

Decrease of ozone in stratosphere cause the increase of ozone in the troposphere. Ozone gas present in stratosphere is referred as green gas that causes the temperature of earth to rise and cause the climate to change.

Lead – Ancient But Harmful Element For The Atmosphere

Lead is a naturally occurring element found on earth.it is derivative of carbon and its symbol is Pb. Lead is found on the earth’s surface to some ratio and also in the atmosphere.  It has been reported in some areas that lead composed 96 percent of the air. 

Sources of the lead in the atmosphere:

Lead emitted from natural sources like volcanoes, windblown dust, and erosion are fewer as compared to concentration released by the anthropogenic sources. Mining and metal manufacturing is the main source of emanation of lead by human besides, it is emitted in the production of batteries, lead-based paint, and products, it is also being emitted by road vehicles in greater quantity. Lead, an ancient and big natural source is being used by the human since 500 BC in different spheres of life. 

Lead get deposit in soil:

Due to its abundant use and composition in the atmosphere, the lead has an adverse effect on the environment. It is obvious from researches that the lead interacts with the soil and get deposited in it can remain on the soil for at least 200 years unaffected and can be consumed by humans and other living organism causing the malfunction or disorder in their systems.

 How lead effects the plants

Lead get absorbed by the plants from soil and get into the leaves of the plants. The pores of the plants get covered by the lead and this prevents the light reaching the stomata of leaves resulting in a prohibition of the photo syntheses process in the plant. This result in stunting the growth of the plant such effects are studies on the hydroponically grown plants with lead 1-2ppm moisture in the soil.

How lead destroys the organisms:

Concentration of lead has the ability to wipe off some of the bacteria’s in the soil that are necessary for the decomposition of food chain and fertility of the soil it has been reported that it can also replace some microorganism by the organisms of same or different species necessary for the soil., lead also becomes more soluble in some microorganisms and get more easily absorbed by the plants in more concentration affecting the plant’s life,

 Leads causes serous malfunctions on the animal’s life:

Leads effects the animal life also it affects their nervous system leading the Malfunction in their red blood cell production. Grazing animal are affected most their lead source are green plants  they feed on however the concentration of calcium and phosphorous  can reduce the leads intestinal absorption, The US EPA  report states that “a regular diet 2-8 mg lead per kg of animal diet for an extended period of time will result in death in animals”

 

Adverse effects of lead on human health:

Lead effects the human life like wise animal life it move in to human body by food consumption (65%) by intake of water (20%) and by the air (15%)children below the 6 years of age are more susceptible of lead effects in this growing age if they get lead in the body instead of the required nutrition they may face the learning disabilities nervous problems, speech impairment and other malnutrition diseases. In adults, it causes high blood pressure, cancer, Harm to a fetus, fertility disorders in male and females, any sort of memories and nervous disorders. To avert such complications blood lead testing should be repeated conducted after a specific period of time, dust in a house should be reduced clean pure water should be drunk and eating healthy food habits should be brought in practice.

Conservation And Benefits Of Ecosystem

Ecosystem provides us with the components and factors necessary for our survival on the planet Earth. it constitutes abiotic and biotic factor necessary for the survival of living organisms on the Earth .since the population is increasing rapidly and the industrial revolution is bringing up devastating change on the geography of the earth, the natural ecosystem is getting unbalanced. Result of this unbalance is that many of the rare species are getting extinct, the temperature of the earth is rising, ice on the glaciers is melting, sea level is rising, extreme drought is being experienced in some dry land areas and the vegetation yield is getting low. What the need of the hour is that we need to conserve and preserve the ecosystem and its essential components to harmonize the balance of ecosystem to reduce the alarming threats to nature and ecosystem.

Conservation of extinct habitat:

Destruction of forests should be restrained and more and more trees should be planted this will give an evolution to biodiversity; besides the extinction of the species will get ceased. Favorable conditions should be provided to the species that are getting extinct.

 

 Reduce the Eutrophication:

 The chemical substances and fertilizers used during the agriculture cause the eutrophication by supplying excess nitrogen and phosphorous to water bodies. We need to promote organic plantation instead of using fertilizers. Also the water in water bodies should be examined and treated by the swaggers to reduce the organic nutrient components in it.

Protect the ozone layer:

 The ozone layer protects the ultra violet rays of sun that damages the environments  and habitats on earth including  human destruction of ozone layer also tends to raise the temperature of earth that is making the vast glaciers to melt  to making the sea level rise. Ozone layer is getting destroyed by the emission of hydrocarbon gases by combustion of biomass fuels in vehicles and industries. Such activities should be brought in control to avert the rise of such gases in ecosystem.

 

Recycle  of waste material ;

Reduction of waste material is essentially important for securing ecosystem. Instead of using the goods that are to be wasted in future, use the recyclable materials or the materials that can be used again. In this ways the waste material discarded by dumping in earth will reduce. Besides, less expense is made in recycling the used product rather than making a new product from the raw material.

 Benefits of ecosystem ;

Interaction of organism in an ecosystem has great benefits on human being in term of health and well-being of human beings.

Ecosystem provides life support to all of its living components it provides them with foods and nutrient necessary for their life. The residue of living being in an ecosystem serves as nutrients for the soil and gases for the air in atmosphere. Human get medicine, energy sources, fresh water and natural minerals from the ecosystem. Besides, all that ecosystem lends human with spiritual enrichment and cognitive development,. Healthy ecosystem has recreational effects on the human beings along with meditative healing effects on him.

Why the entire hullabaloo over Global Warming Needs Our Utmost Attention?

The last few years were really terrible for the earth and its inhabitants and most specifically when it comes to coping up with natural disasters. All the regions irrespective of their localities and geographies have faced worse natural calamities. The most significant among these natural disasters are tidal flooding in coastal communities and that is wholly and solely because of the intensely rising sea levels. The tidal flooding that most of the scientists associate directly to the emission of the greenhouse gases being produced due to human activities and the problem can even is worse in upcoming years. 

 

The most drastic human activity includes emissions that are produced from the burning of fossil fuels and that result the oceans to rise at the fastest rate. The eye-popping news in this respect is that the increasing sea levels have risen with the fastest rate, probably the fastest in the last 28 centuries. If the human emissions were not that fast, the ocean surface would have risen less rapidly and thus we won’t have seen these ongoing drastic climatic changes. 

 

The more and more routine tidal flooding is proving out to be so much horrible specifically for the coastal regions and that is why; we are witnessing a more drastic destruction of these regions. The horrible thing about tidal floods is that they often produce low level standing saltwater and thus damaging life in most of the towns by killing lawns and trees. Moreover, things can even get worse if the streets get blocked, and in this process, polluting the drinking water. The entire island population faces the severe over topping on the roads thus causing major halt to any kind of communication.

The severe rise in the sea level can not affect in the limited degree but also to a very huge extent and inhabitants of coastal areas may also face storms and hurricanes such as Katrina and Sandy.

The safety of this planet is not only useful for us but for our upcoming generations.