Some commom threats to Marine Ecosystem

Ecosystem   marks up the whole life span of organisms living in an ecosystem.  On the planet Earth, a great variety of ecosystems thrives according to the need of the organism living in it and the physical condition existing in that area. The Huge ecosystem is comprised of many smaller ecosystem like in a green land ecosystem there will be a small puddle or stagnant water ecosystem. A completely unique and small ecosystem will be found thriving under the rocky sediments also. This may be referred as the sub-ecosystems of the terrestrial ecosystem.

Marine ecosystem: the largest ecosystem:

Of the entire huge ecosystem on the planet earth, the marine ecosystem is the hugest ecosystem because the 70 % of the earth is comprised of the marine bodies.  The marine ecosystem consists of the 90 % of the living organisms on the whole planet earth.  There is a natural balance maintained in the ecosystem and every component of an ecosystem plays its vital role in maintaining it. If there becomes any change in any part of an ecosystem its effects can be seen in the whole ecosystem. Now as the time is changing the natural diversity of an ecosystem is getting disrupted and altered. The change in the ecosystem is alarming because it is causing some serious effects on the life inhibiting in an ecosystem. Here in this article we will discuss some of the threats our marine ecosystem is facing these days

Ocean dumping:

 Ocean dumping is a major threat to marine biomes. Human being is continuously dumping their discarded material into the seas and oceans. The material like plastics, when becomes in contact with marine life like fish, they chock it and the result is a decline in their species. Discarded ballast water from ship tends to generate the organisms that hinder the production of naturally existing marine animals. The oil spilled or discarded in oceans covers he wings and gillsof marine fishes and other marine animals causing them to die slowly and painfully.

Ocean acidification:

The rise in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is causing an upsurge in ocean acidification. The acidification is much harmful to marine life and is also affecting the human being as marine animals are being consumed by the human for protein intake.

 Ozone Depleting Substances:

The ship releases the pollutant chemicals like CFC, Halogens and other hydrocarbons that destroy the ozone layer. The ozone layer protects the earth from the harmful effects of the ultraviolet radiation emitted from the sun.  The harmful polluting chemicals emitted from the ship destroys the ozone layer and thus adverse are faced by the marine biomes.

Release of SOx and NOx from ships :

Ships traveling in the ocean from one place to another emit two harmful gasses (NOX) and (SOX). These gasses destroys the ozone layers and also results in global warming. Both these actions affect the marine life adversely.

 Fishing and hunting of marine life stock:

 The marine animals are also hunted for domestic and commercial purposes. The net is spread in the sea unattended and many marine predators like shark, turtles got stuck in them. Such fishing practices are the cause of overfishing of ninety percent of globe’s voracious fish .Profitable hunting of whales, sharks and dolphins are also a reason for the decline of marine mammals .annually approximately 1 million sharks are killed for the sake of shark finning activity which quite in human practice.

Water Pollution and the Worldwide Problem of Various Diseases

Water is all essential for the entire human race. But when water is contaminated with different types of pollutants, it becomes very dangerous. In other words, it becomes a toxic substance that causes various diseases in the human body. Since water delivers key elements and minerals to the body which make sure that the entire body processes work smoothly, the intake of polluted water creates further complications such as digestion and metabolism issues and these problems, then lead to diseases like cholera, dysentery, diarrhea, hepatitis A, lead poisoning, malaria and polyomavirus infection.

Cholera:

A bacteria, called vibrio chlorae is largely found in contaminated water and as you drink polluted water, there is a high chance that you will be caught by this bacteria. A person with cholera can suffer from numerous symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, headache, rapid heart rate, loss of skin elasticity, dry mucous membranes, low blood pressure, thirst, and muscle cramps.

Dysentery:

Dysentery is also causes of polluted water. Therefore, it is advised that always drink boiled water. The process of boiling eliminates all types of bacteria in the water. Symptoms of dysentery include mild illness, mild stomach pain, sudden onset of high fever and chills, abdominal pain, cramps and bloating, flatulence (passing gas), urgency to pass stool, feeling of incomplete emptying, loss of appetite, weight loss, headache, fatigue, vomiting, dehydration and diarrhea.

Diarrhea:

Intake of polluted water triggers diarrhea. It is also defined some of the very key diseases caused by polluted water. The waterborne viruses, bacteria and parasites are found in contaminated water that primarily cause frequent passage of loose, watery stools. Other major symptoms include thin or loose stools, watery stool, nausea and vomiting, bloating in belly, cramps, blood, mucus, undigested food in the stool, weight loss and fever.

Hepatitis A:

Hepatitis A is an infectious disease that destroys the human liver. The usual cause of this disease is also directly related to contaminated water. A person with Hepatitis A can suffer symptoms from fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain or discomfort, clay-colored bowel movements, loss of appetite, low-grade fever, dark urine, joint pain, yellowing of the skin and eyes.

Lead Poisoning: 

Lead poisoning is caused due to old water pipes. The small parts of metal can directly go into the stomach and cause serious chronic diseases like kidney failures and can damage the human reproductive system. Lead poisoning symptoms include developmental delay, learning difficulties, irritability, loss of appetite, weight loss, sluggishness, and fatigue, abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation and Hearing loss.

Trachoma (Eye Infection):

Trachoma (Eye Infection) is largely caused due to water pollution. If the water supply also contains hygiene and sanitation problems, it can also trigger this disease. Children are more vulnerable to this disease as their immune systems are also very weak. Symptoms like mild itching and irritation of the eyes and eyelids are related to this disease.